The Glorious Cause The American Revolution free essay sample

This paper audits student of history, Robert Middlekauffs story recorded investigation of the American Revolution title, The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution. This paper inspects The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, which uncovers the complexities of the years between the marking of the bargain of Paris in 1763 and the appointment of George Washington in 1789. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The writer brings up that the objective of Middlekauffs book was to examine both the accomplishments and disappointments of the American Revolution. A portion of the points that are secured incorporate nitty gritty examination of British discussion about the settlements, the reasons for the war just as the development of the American Constitution. As per this creator, Middlekauff works superbly of inquiring about the various individuals who were personally associated with this period ever, demonstrating how both their qualities and their shortcomings influenced this period in American history. This work, an account recorded investigation of the American Revolution, and the primary volume to show up in the Oxford History of the United States, uncovers the complexities of the years between the marking of the settlement of Paris in 1763 and the appointment of George Washington in 1789. Despite the fact that he doesn't expect his title to be unexpected, the creator perceives that the reason for the American unrest had its shameful side, and the Americans way of propelling it was now and then bogus to the incredible standards they uphold. (vii) Middlekauff s reason for existing is to introduce both the accomplishments and disappointments of the American transformation. His proposition is that our nationalists and progressives were not great, yet in figuring out how to consider things to be they are and to envision how they may be, (665) they made a dream , battled for respectable purposes, persevered through their own blemishes and made the establishments for our nation.

Diverse Abilities - Asperger's syndrome Research Paper

Various Abilities - Asperger's disorder - Research Paper Example In addition, it sees incorporation as a road for pushing fairness among students with differed foundations. Subsequently, instructors must have the fundamental information and abilities in showing kids with AS. There is additionally a requirement for joint effort with pros, experts, different instructors, overseers, and guardians. There is a requirement for readiness since there are a few difficulties to be thought of. Luckily, there are methods and recommendations that can help the instructor in making a comprehensive climate. Report Introduction Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) was first clarified in 1944. Hans Asperger was an Austrian pediatrician. In any case, AS was better known during the 1990s when specialists like Uta Frith, Lorna Wing, and Tony Attwood carried it to universal intrigue. In 1994, it got normalized as a finding. It is sorted under Pervasive Developmental Disorders in the DSM-IV. Nonetheless, there are still questions in regards to its distinction from advanced c hemical imbalance or HFA (Holliday, 1999). â€Å"Asperger’s condition is a formative issue bringing about weakness in social connection, relational abilities and prohibitive interests. The turmoil can likewise incorporate engine awkwardness and issues with penmanship and being easily affected to explicit sound-related and material encounters. There can likewise be issues with authoritative and time the executives aptitudes and clarifying contemplations and thoughts utilizing speech† (Attwood, 1998, p.15). This disorder may show in a child’s certain formative stage. There is normally a decrease of progress before age 22. A person with AS has delays in his socialization and relational abilities. Specifically, a 7-year-old youngster with AS appearances different difficulties, for example, touchiness in basic acts like shaking hands, trouble in making companions, having a few issues in school work like composition, number juggling, just as remaining in the best poss ible line, and conveying a discussion with somebody. Numerous people could likewise be misdiagnosed or go undiscovered since the side effects are firmly identified with different sorts of clutters. As indicated by Goble (1995), most understudies with AS are in customary setting study halls and proceed with their training with no expert assistance. Bauer (1996) likewise expresses that many are mixed up to have ADHD since some of their attributes are very comparative (Carrington and Graham, 1999). For instance, both of these clutters have side effects like trouble in relating with others, delay in engine abilities, and fits of rage. Asperger’s has been known as â€Å"high working autism.† It is one of the scatters of the mental imbalance range (Allen and Johnson, 2011). It has specific qualities which could conceivably show in all people. Since AS influences the sensory system, there could be difficulties over the various measurements. This business card of a person with AS will tell anybody the basic data about the condition: â€Å"I have Asperger’s Syndrome, a neurobiological issue that occasionally makes it hard for me to talk and act tranquilly and soundly. In the event that I have given you this card, it most likely methods I think I am acting in a manner that may be upsetting to you. So, Asperger’s Syndrome can make it hard for me to: talk gradually, avoid intruding, and control my hand developments and my flickering. It additionally makes it difficult for me to follow your considerations so that

14 potential Issues with Crowdfunding and How to Solve Them

14 potential Issues with Crowdfunding and How to Solve Them © Shutterstock.com | Igor SamoilikCrowdfunding has been around for a while now, facilitated by the many different platforms that have set up shop on the internet. As more people become aware of the benefits of this method of raising capital for ideas and inventions, the more complex the ecosystem is becoming. Navigating this new way of raising funds is rife with its own set of problems big and small. In this article we will look at 1) issue #1 choosing the right platform, 2) other crowdfunding issues (issues #2 #8), and 3) issues with equity crowdfunding (issues #9 #14).ISSUE #1: CHOOSING THE RIGHT PLATFORMAs the world of crowdfunding expands and grows, the choice of which platform is the right fit for a particular idea or product has also become a tough and overwhelming one to make. At first glance, most of the well-known websites can appear almost identical. But on closer study, there are a variety of factors involved that complicate this decision.Solving the issueStep 1: Unders tand the projectThe first step to making this decision is to first ensure that the idea being put forward is a strong one that will appeal to the target audience. People tend to give money to projects that:Are relatable through the project’s message or causeAllow people to connect to the project through the media made availableOffer an interesting or unusual reward in exchange for the donationIn addition to this, it is important to understand how the money raised is to be spent, what genre the project falls within, is the project such that people unfamiliar with a brand be willing to donate or is the brand completely unknown.Step 2: Understand Funding RequirementsOnce these issues are clear in the minds of those putting the project forward, it is important to consider whether partial funding would be acceptable or does the project require full funding. This seems like a simple answer but is actually more complicated a decision than it appears. Small businesses can set themselves u p for failure if they accept partial funding and are then unable to meet the expectations of those who have donated. Orders taken will need to be fulfilled but this will not be possible if the money collected is not enough to cover the costs of production. However, there is a chance of collecting enough funds, just under the target amount, to meet the cost requirements of the project. This is why it is important to understand how well the project may do and make this decision accordingly.Step 3: Understand the Brand Value of the Potential PlatformsSome crowdfunding platforms are more well-known than others, which could mean a larger target audience to be reached. On the other hand, some are very niche players such as hubbub, which accepts only university and charity related projects. This could mean access to a smaller but more relevant and more likely to donate audience.Step 4: Understand What You Need From the AudienceSome websites allow you to post your project after meeting a ba re minimum of requirements. Others carefully curate and select the projects that can be presented to the audience. Still others coach a project team through the entire process, offering tips and advice. Before choosing a platform, it is vital to be clear on the level of assistance that is required and needed. Some people do not do well with handholding and prefer autonomy, while others may want to benefit from the experience of others to ensure success. A professional in their field may not need an audience telling them how to do what they are trained to do. On the other hand, an entrepreneur may want to use all the help they can get.A useful infographic to make this decision can be found here.OTHER CROWDFUNDING ISSUESIssue #2: Planning a realistic target amount and Time FrameEnthusiastic project owners may be convinced that their great idea is enough to raise at least the target amount in the specified time. But in reality, it is important to be more pragmatic about both the total amount to be raised and the time frame needed to raise it in. A good place to start is to assess realistically how much money is required to reach the next major stage of the project. Often, project owners take to crowdfunding in phases, choosing to fund one phase and completing that target before asking for the money for the next phase of the project. This helps keep target amounts more achievable and less daunting. It is generally accepted that campaigns with time restraints have better outcomes. This means limiting to a few weeks rather a few months. The balance here is crucial as a campaign that lasts for a few days may not afford enough time to effectively communicate with the target audience without resorting to spamming. A campaign that is a few weeks long will allow a project owner to update donors once or twice a week easily.Issue #3: Building InterestEven when a great business idea exists it is not a necessary that the donations will pour in automatically. There needs to b e a properly prepared campaign to generate and maintain interest in the project. It is a good idea to spend some time and effort to assess potential interest in the project before officially asking for funds. Through this phase and through the fundraising project time and manpower need to be budgeted to ensure a successful fundraising campaign. Without specific requests, the campaign may get lost in the crowd of other projects or people may forget that it is something they need to do. A personalized outreach is the best way to approach the first degree network which is usually made up of friends, family, acquaintances and coworkers. These people can then help spread the work to their own networks, generating interest in a wider circle of possible donors.Issue #4: Managing Expectations and Delivering on Promised RewardsOne of the most common problems in crowdfunding is meeting expectations of those who give to the campaign. As soon as the campaign ends, the race to meet reward expect ations begins. If a campaign does really well, then there may be more backers that need to be rewarded than was expected. If the campaign was run to receive as much funds as collected, then there may not be enough money to fulfill promises made. Even in the best situations, there may be unforeseen events such as manufacturer or parts issues and unexpected shipping problems or costs. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to first come up with a realistic time frame for delivering rewards and then build a reasonable buffer into this time to allow a more accurate expectation to be set for the campaigns supporters. Some experts suggest tripling the original length of the reward fulfillment time needed.Issue #5: Managing Copyright IssuesA potential problem when crowdfunding is copyright protection and intellectual property rights. Unscrupulous individuals may troll crowdfunding sites and steal ideas for inventions and projects before the original project owner has a chance to compl ete their fundraising. Another aspect of this is if the invention under question unwittingly infringes on someone else’s intellectual property. In the latter case, there is a chance that the owners of the intellectual property will hit the project owner with lawsuits that may result in a loss of revenue to handle. For both these reasons, it is a good idea to hire a lawyer to ensure that there is no infringement on existing rights and to better protect an original idea. This may be an expensive proposition however. Other ways to ensure some degree of protection include working with the funding portal of your choice to counter this issue. There are platforms that require investors to sign non-disclosure agreements (NDA) and also provide private data rooms where information can be uploaded but not accessible to the general public. There data rooms should be password protected and allow the campaign owner to see how long the files were viewed and by whom.Issue #6: Managing Compliance and Accounting IssuesThere is generally an uncertainty when it comes to accounting rules for money raised through crowdfunding. Different financial experts will have a different opinion on whether the money raised through these means are to be counted as capital or income. This can lead to accounting and compliance confusions. Some countries or states within the US will have rules for how this money is to be taxed. Others have yet to create laws and regulation to streamline this aspect. Depending on the place where the project owner is based and where the money is being collected there may be rules and regulations that need to be complied with. And since these rules are so loosely defined, it is important to attempt to understand them before setting up a campaign to collect funds.Issue #7: Managing Privacy IssuesThere are several types of privacy and security problems that can arise as a result of a crowdfunding campaign. Since information on the internet seems to live forever, a ca mpaign to raise funds to pay personal bills may affect a job offer many years later if the employer does an internet search. Other problems may exist as well. In an effort to connect with the audience and make them feel invested in the project, campaign owners may get carried away and share too many personal details of their lives. This information could fall into dangerous hands and compromise the safety of the campaign team and their families. Details such as home addresses, locations, photos of license plates, cell phone numbers and names of schools or other such places should never be made public online.Similarly, for those donating money, it is vital to choose sites that are dedicated to protecting their financial and personal data from possible scammers and con artists.Issue #8: Risk of Scammers and Lack of TrustAs much as one would like to believe that people are essentially good, there are the requisite bad seeds in every group. Though some websites have rigorous screening p rocesses, a scammer may slip through. Others don’t have this process to begin with, increasing the chances of someone who will either fail to deliver on a project or never intended to do so in the first place. This can become a major problem for those who visit crowdfunding websites to donate. For the rest of the campaign owners, it can also mean a general lack of trust around crowdfunding which can affect the whole community. Whether it is an individual, a team or a charity that asks for a donation, it is up to the donors to do their due diligence in terms of understanding where their money will go and whether they are ready to take a chance on an unknown person. The first source of information is a simple google search. For those looking to give to a cause or a campaign and for those who choose to help spread the word for one, simple steps to gather some information will help stop these scammers before they can get away with swindling innocent people.ISSUES WITH EQUITY CROWDFUND INGA major type of crowdfunding is equity crowdfunding. Here, a variety of people can invest in a company in exchange for an equity stake in this company. Websites that facilitate this type of crowdfunding have existed in Europe since 2012. In the United States, this version of crowdfunding is held back by the lack of regulations governing transactions and ownership. Though made possible under the JOBS act of 2012, there is still a lack of a final set of guidelines by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Though there are benefits to this sort of crowdfunding such as the ability of an entrepreneur to raise money where they couldn’t before through traditional venture finance channels, there are some problems that exist simultaneously. These include:Issue #9: ValuationA business that is listed on a crowdfunding platform usually has valuation set by the entrepreneurs themselves. But this is not an accurate representation because startups are usually not worth as much as the entrepr eneur thinks it is. This means that without a true valuation, investors will not be able to get the promised returns. This problem can be overcome by ensuring that lead investors are experienced angel investors who are able to conduct their own valuations and allow sophisticated crowd investors to get successful return on investments.Issue #10: Inadequate Due DiligenceIn equity crowdfunding, there is very little time for proper and detailed due diligence. This can lead to losses that could be averted by an experienced angel investor and proper due diligence.Issue #11: Lack of AccountabilityIn equity crowdfunding, no investor is representing their own interest. This means that there is no accountability on the part of the startup business to ensure that the money is spent wisely or as planned. Experienced investors on the other hand can help steer a company through initial periods of low cash flow and out the other end. A way to overcome this would be for investors to ask for regular updates, financial statements and proof of progress from a company before investing.Issue #12: Potential Lack of Financial MattersIn traditional equity financing, the investors may make it necessary for themselves to be on the board of a startup. This means that the startup will benefit from the financial and business experience and expertise of the investor. This is an aspect that is not enforced in equity crowdfunding.Issue #13: Corporate GovernanceAgain, in a traditional financing situation, investors ensure that a startup has a corporate governance mechanism in place. This helps ensure that management teams are challenged constructively by experienced investors, genuinely interested in the success of the company. This important aspect is missing in equity crowdfunding and is at the discretion of the entrepreneur.Issue #14: Lack of Structured Communication Channels and MechanismsThis is an issue that is slowly being addressed by equity crowdfunding websites. There are post-raise areas where communication can continue after a campaign closes. It is important for an entrepreneur to keep an open channel of communication with investors throughout the process to ensure that there is no key point in time where the management team has to spend time placating concerned stakeholders. An open channel will ensure that stakeholders are there to support through difficult times rather than blaming the team.

Happy Days - 3655 Words

Comma Splices Results Reporter Out of 10 questions, you answered 9 correctly, for a final grade of 90%. 9 correct (90%) 1 incorrect (10%) 0 unanswered (0%) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Your Results: The correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1 CORRECT One of the following items contains a comma splice, another is a run-on (or fused) sentence, and a third is correct. Click on the item that is correct. A) Coffee raised at high elevations tastes better, so advertisers often stress the fact that their coffee is mountain grown. B) Coffee raised at high elevations tastes better, advertisers often stress the fact that their coffee is†¦show more content†¦8 CORRECT Click on the item below that contains a comma splice. A) Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany, about 110 kilometers from the church in Wittenberg where he nailed his ninety-five theses to the door. B) Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany; about 110 kilometers from there is Wittenberg, where he nailed his ninety-five theses to the door. C) Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany, about 110 kilometers from there is Wittenberg, where he nailed his ninety-five theses to the door. Feedback: Correct. Both Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany and about 110 kilometers from there is Wittenberg, where he nailed his ninety-five theses to the door contain an independent clause, so they cannot be joined only by a comma. 9 CORRECT Click on the item below that contains a comma splice. A) During the era when Martin Luther began preaching, Christian doctrine was almost totally determined by Rome because that is where the hierarchy of the Catholic Church was located. B) During the era when Martin Luther began preaching, Christian doctrine was almost totally determined by Rome, for that is where the hierarchy of the Catholic Church was located. C) During the era when Martin Luther began preaching, Christian doctrine was almost totally determined by Rome, that is where the hierarchy of the Catholic Church resided. Feedback: Correct. Both during the era when MartinShow MoreRelatedContrasting Cultures in Tans Mother Tongue and Nguyens The Happy Days Syndrome1163 Words   |  5 Pageschildren of immigrants, this difficulty is only intensified through language. Both Amy Tan and Khang Nguyen strategically use narrative anecdotes and employ several rhetorical devices to illustrate this struggle in their wo rks, â€Å"Mother Tongue† and â€Å"The Happy Days,† respectfully. Amy Tan chooses her childhood home as the primary setting of her work. This allows her to focus primarily on her conversations and interactions with her mother. 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Main Features of A Mosque - 1552 Words

Ai) Describe the main features of a mosque A mosque is mainly used as a place of worship for Muslims to pray to Allah. Not all mosques are the same, they vary from place to place. Some mosques are big and expensive whilst some other mosques are small and cheap. All mosques are different but are yet similar in some ways for example; all mosques are a place of worship. Some mosque have a tall minaret in which the Muezzin uses it to call the Adthaan, informing nearby Muslims that the time of prayer has come and they must quickly start their prayer. This is one of the most important features of a mosque because without the minaret the Muezzin would not be able to call out the Adthaan, prevent many Muslims being able to tell if it is time†¦show more content†¦Anyone can be an Imam but they all have to go through this process. Women, on the other hand, can be Imams but can only lead the prayers for women and act as women congregates. In Islam, it is prohibited for a woman to lead men in prayers but Islam does not prohibit a woman from teaching men about Islam. Aiii) The role of the Mosques Mosques are also used as community centres where people can get married as you can in a church but they will have Islamic vows rather than Christian traditional vows although they may be very similar. Mosques sometimes hold evening schools sp that particularly children may have Islamic education in an non-Islamic country ( E.g. learning to read and write Arabic and understanding the teachings of Islam and the Quran ). During the month of Ramadan an area of the Mosque is set aside for people who cannot afford to buy food, break their fast with food provided by the Mosque, the breaking of fast is called Iftar. In many Mosques there are charity boxes for Muslims to donate Zakah to either the Mosque or to the poor. 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The main factor affecting the size of a Mosque is the religiousRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of Christian and Islamic Architecture in Spain1081 Words   |  5 Pagestwo such churches that still remain today. In the beginning of the 8th century Islamic Muslims conquered Spain and ended Visigothic rule. They constructed militaristic and religious architecture including castles, watchtowers, rock castes, the Great Mosque, and the Red Palace. The remaining Christians adopted some of the Islamic styles and soon built upon a new style that ended up in northern Spain. Over time, Spanish architecture has become a blend of both Islamic and Christian styles, the northern

Purchasing power parity, theory of exchange rate determination. Free Essays

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this paper is to better understand one of the key concepts of real exchange rate determination and building blocks of macroeconomic model, ppp. The main reason to focus on this topic is due to the fact that most of the large companies are working beyond the national boundaries and are trying to expand their business at international levels, so it becomes vital for managers and investors while making international investment decisions to gauge the impact of fluctuation of consumer goods prices, tradable and non-tradable goods could have on the profitability of their businesses.Although the term â€Å"purchasing power parity† was coined as recently as 80 years ago (Cassel, 1918), it has much longer history in economics[1]. We will write a custom essay sample on Purchasing power parity, theory of exchange rate determination. or any similar topic only for you Order Now PPP is generally attributed to Gustav Cassel’s writings in the 1920s, although its intellectual origins date back to the writings of the nineteenth-century British economist â€Å"David Ricardo†. Probably, it is the oldest theory of exchange rate determination. In section 1 of this paper, I will define the concept of ppp, discuss the theory behind it, and elaborate its practical implications in real world development. The section 2 will clarifies the nuances between absolute ppp and relative ppp and tests of the validity of the ppp theory over the time period. The section 3 elaborates Why is more preferable to say that ppp holds in the long run than in the short run. The section 4 explains why ppp does not hold in the short run, what are the economic factors lies behind it in deviating ppp from actual exchange rate. It distinguishes between those factors which would prevent absolute ppp from holding, but would not necessarily prevent relative ppp from holding, and those which clearly prevent relative ppp too. It also explains those factors which would lead to ppp failing in the long run. In section 5, there are concluding remarks. SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING PURCHASING POWER PARITY In thissection, I will define purchasing power parity by using the examples to elaborate how it works in the real world and discuss it how it relates to real exchange rates. WHAT IS PPP? The purchasing power parity exchange rate is the exchange rate between two currencies’ that would equate the two relevant national price levels if expressed in common currency at that rate, so that ppp of a unit of one currency would be the same in both countries.The basic concept underlying ppp theory is that arbitrage forces will lead to the equalization of goods prices internationally, once the prices of goods are measured in same currency. As such theory represents an application of the ‘law of one price’[2]. LAW OF ONE PRICE: The fundamental idea behind this theory is the law of one price.LOP[3] refers to identical products which are sold in different markets will sell in the same prices when expressed in terms of a common currency in the presence of competitive market structure and absence of transportation costs and other barriers to trade. Thus, it provides a framework to relate currency in one market (the domestic market) to currency in another market (foreign market).In algebraic form, LOP posits that for any good I: p How to cite Purchasing power parity, theory of exchange rate determination., Essay examples

Silicon as a Mechanical Material free essay sample

In addition, recent trends in the engineering literature indicate a growing interest in the use of silicon as a mechanical material with the ultimate goal of developing a broad range of inexpensive, batch-fabricated, high-performance sensors and transducers which are easily interfaced with the rapidly proliferating microprocessor. This review describes the advantages of employing silicon as a mechanical material, the relevant mechanical characteristics of silicon, and the processing techniques which are specific to micromechanical structures. Finally, the potentials of this new technology are illustrated by numerous detailed examples from the literature. It is clear that silicon will continue to be aggressively exploited in a wide variety of mechanical applications complementary to its traditional role as an electronic material. Furthermore, these multidisciplinary uses of silicon will significantly alter the way we think about all types of miniature me chanical devices and componenta   that silicon has already revolutionized the way we think about electronics, this versatile material is now in the process of altering conventional perceptions of iniature mechanical devices and components. We will write a custom essay sample on Silicon as a Mechanical Material or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At least eight firms now manufacture and/or market silicon-based pressure transducers [ 2] (first manufactured commercially over 10 years ago), some with active devices or entire circuits integrated on the same silicon chip and some rated up to 10 000 psi. Texas Instruments has been marketing a thermal point head [ 3] in several computer terminal and plotter products in which the active printing element abrasively contacting the paper is a silicon integrated circuit chip. The crucial detector component of a high-bandwidth frequency synthesizer sold by Hewlett- Packard is a silicon chip [4] from which cantilever beams have been etched to provide thermally isolated regions for the diode detectors. High-precision alignment and coupling assemblies for fiber-optic communications stems are produced by Western Electric from anisotropically etched silicon chips simply because this is the only technique capable of the high accuracies required. Within IBM, ink jet nozzle arrays and charge plate assemblies etched into silicon wafers [5] have been’ demonstrated, again because of the high precision capabilities of silicon IC technology. These examples of silicon icromechanics are not laboratory curiosities. Most are wellestablished, commercial developments conceived within about the last 10 years. The basis of micromechanics is that silicon, in conjunction with its conventional role as an electronic material, and taking advantage of an already advanced microfabrication technology, can also be exploited as a high-precision high-strength highrelia bility mechanical material, especially applicable wherever. The author was with IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, CA 95193. He is now with Transensory Devices, Fremont, CA 94539. miniaturized mechanical devices and components must be integrated or interfaced with electronics such as the examples given above. The continuing development of silicon micromechanical applications is only one aspect of the current technical drive toward miniaturization which is being pursued over a wide front in many diverse engineering disciplines. Certainly silicon microelectronics continues to be the most obvious success in the ongoing pursuit of miniaturization. Four factors have layed crucial roles in this phenomenal success story.

Understanding Integration A Conceptual Framework essay

Understanding Integration A Conceptual Framework essay Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework essay Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework essayThe process of integration of refugees is a complex process as it requires much time and effort to achieve refugees’ full potential as members of new society. Due to effective integration of refugees, it is possible to establish healthy conditions for the contribution of refugees to their community. According to Barbara E. Harrell-Bond (2013), â€Å"refugees are people who have been forced to leave their country because their lives are in danger†(p. 129). Refugees should be given an opportunity to exercise the appropriate rights and responsibilities that could be shared with other members of society (Strang Ager, 2010; Moret et al., 2006). Refugees should feel that they belong to their community. In other words, integration of refugees can be identified as a dynamic process that requires constant improvement; therefore, the role of effective practices and frameworks developed in different countries of the world is important for promotion of local integration processes (O’Byrne, 2013). Today there are many countries which have already hosted a larger number of refugees (Ager Strang, 2008).   European and other industrialized countries deal with this problem more effectively than developing countries, although these countries are less willing to accept new refugees. According to researchers, there is much evidence on considerable shift in the development and implementation of more restrictive admission policies regarding refugees. Not all countries are â€Å"inclined to accept new refugees or enable them to integrate† (Moret et al., 2006, p. 12). Based on recent analysis, many countries enjoy high refugee recognition rates, but there are obvious gaps between the established policies and practice, which influence the life of refugees, depriving them of their rights, including social support, employment and education opportunities. According to Heidi Savabi (2014), â€Å"in spit e of the positive progression of Brazil’s refugee program, challenges remain, especially in terms of the refugee labor market, education, and societal integration†(p. 1). The major goal of this research paper is to explore best practice and frameworks of local integration of refugees of other countries, mainly Latin American Countries. The research helps not only to identify the best practices of local integration of refuges in other countries, but also to apply these practices and frameworks to Brazil.The role of effective frameworks in promoting local integration of refugees  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To assess the role of effective practice and frameworks in promoting local integration of refugees in Brazil, it is necessary to identify the key areas in social development of refugee population that are influence the life of refugees. Actually, integration of refugees is a continuous process that results in establishing positive conditions that allow r efugees and local community members to live in harmony (O’Byrne, 2013; Clarke et al., 2006).   In other words, refugees should be allowed to form a part of the host population. According to researchers, â€Å"integration places demands both on receiving societies and on the individuals and communities concerned†(Clarke et al., 2006, p. 19). It has been found that the adoption of the proper concepts of social capital helps to frame the key components of social connection in the process of integration of refuges. Special attention should be paid to the â€Å"bonds, bridges and links† which produce forms of interchange, mutual understanding and trust in social relations (Strang Ager, 2010, p. 589).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to practices and frameworks developed by different countries in order to enhance the process of local integration of refugees, it is possible to achieve success and improve the existing strategies, meeting the needs and requirements of refugees without elimination of the possibilities of local residents (O’Byrne, 2013).   In general, the process of integration includes three major dimensions that affect the lives of both refugees and local residents, namely legal, economic, social and cultural dimensions, based on the 2005 Report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. These dimensions are very important for successful integration of refugees as fully included society members (Report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2005). Ager and Strang (2008) suggest that the major domains of integration relate to four areas: â€Å"achievement and access across the sectors of employment, housing, education and health; assumptions and practice regarding citizenship and rights; processes of social connection within and between groups within the community; and structural barriers to s uch connection related to language, culture and the local environment† (p.166). In fact, these domains are included in the framework that promotes normative conceptions of refugees’ integration in certain resettlement settings.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally speaking, effective frameworks in promoting local integration of refugees can   be implemented in various settings. The ways in which stakeholders (e.g. refugees, local residents, UNHCR, and governments), can collaborate help enhanced the promotion of   Ã¢â‚¬Å"shared and simultaneous development in refugee and national communities† (Dryden-Peterson Hovil, 2004). It is very important to conceptualize the proper solution of local integration of refugees within the context of an international framework for further development and implementation (Dryden-Peterson Hovil, 2004).It is not a secret that many Latin American countries have been open to refuges starting from the early 20-th ce ntury to present day. For example, Latin American countries were important destinations for many survivors of the Holocaust during the WWII. According to researchers, about 20,000 Jewish displaced people immigrated to the countries of Latin America in the 1940s- 50s. They settled in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Panama, Costa Rica and other countries. Today the number of refugees has increased because of political conflicts, economic crisis and other factors. For example, Mexico has always been a destination for refugees from other countries of Latin America. Two significant historical examples include Civil War Refugees who came from Spain in the early 1930s -40s, refuges from Chile who came in 1973 and the refugees from Guatemala who came in the 1980s because of the Civil War (Dryden-Peterson Hovil, 2004; Ager Strang, 2008).Some successful practices and frameworks of local integration of refugees  in Mexico, Argentina and UgandaHousing policy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is crucial to address the issue of the housing needs of refugees. In fact, housing is one of the major goals of local authorities working with different housing associations to meet these needs. According to researchers, â€Å"this will generate a major incentive for local authorities to meet the refuges housing targets in order to achieve their funding compliance and earn sufficient points for greater autonomy of action in the future†(Clarke et al., 2006, p. 25). Argentina has implemented framework to include refugees through a housing system initiated by the Ministry of housing (White, 2012).Social supportIn 2014, the main concern of the Office in Mexico is to provide social support and increased protection of refugees through consolidation of the Government’s capacities. The implementation of the new practice – the Quality Assurance Initiative, this framework can become successful. This practice enhances the protection of vulnerable migra nts, particularly the children of refugees (UNHCR. The UN Refuge Agency. Official Website. 2014).   In addition, social support to refugees is provided by the Mexico Declaration and Plan of Action (MPA). This is an effective strategic framework that is aimed at addressing the â€Å"complex humanitarian situation resulting from forced displacement in Latin America† (Ippolito   Abass, 2014, p. 52).Protection of human rights  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Mexico, special attention is paid to the protection of human rights of refugees. According to researchers, â€Å"most of the reforms implemented in Mexico – from recognizing the concept of refugee in the 1990s and the original decriminalization of undocumented entry in 2008, to the Migration Law and Constitutional Reforms of 2011- have been motivated by human rights† (Gonzlez-Murphy, 2013, p. 153). The new Law of Refugees adopted in Mexico provides effective protection to individuals who do no t have the official refugee status, but they are at high risk of torture, discrimination, abuse, maltreatment, or whose refugees whose lives are in danger.   Many refugees, who come to Mexico are from other Latin American countries, settle primarily in urban areas, where they are offered the proper legal protection of human rights. According to this law, refugee status is offered in accordance to the existing international treaties for individuals who claim being abused for their race, religion, political views or nationality. The law says that refugees will not be send anywhere that may put the lives and liberty of applicants at risk (Alba Castillo, 2011). The new law states that refugees and asylum seekers are protected from prosecution for illegal entry into Mexico, as well as provides treatment of refugees with dignity and the requires opportunities and services, including education and health (Gonzlez-Murphy, 2013).Integration of HIV/AIDS programsIn Uganda, the Government of Uganda influenced the decisions of the Directorate of Refugees and UNHCR regarding the implementation of the Self-Reliance Strategy (SRS). This strategy can be viewed as an effective framework in solving health issues of refugees. The major goal of this practice is to â€Å"improve the standard of living of the people in Moyo, Arua, and Adjumani districts, including the refugees† (Strategies to support the HIV-related needs of refugees and host populations, 2005, p. 20). This practice is focused on improving food self-sufficiency, enhancing the access of refugees to social services, health and education opportunities. HIV/AIDS problems are faced by many refugees in Latin America. According to researchers, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is constantly increasing. The statistical data show that in 2004, â€Å"the total number of people worldwide living with HIV reached its highest level ever, approximately 39.4 million people† (Strategies to support the HIV/AI DS-related needs of refugees and host populations, 2005, p. 5). The Government in Uganda has found the solution to HIV/AIDS-related issues facing refugees. As a result, in Uganda refugees have non-discriminatory access to various HIV/AIDS-related services, e.g. the delivery of antiretroviral therapy practices, etc. (Strategies to support the HIV/AIDS-related needs of refugees and host populations, 2005).Education policyIn Mexico, the Government pays special attention to providing effective education policy for refugee children. This framework is crucial for the development of the nation. For example, in Mexico, refugee children attend their own primary schools in the settlements in order to improve their language skills and become more confident in communication. The process of integration is not fostered through joint schooling system although older refugee children are allowed to attend local high schools (Low, 2010, p.67). It is very important to develop local integration policie s in the field of education to guarantee refugees a â€Å"progressively wider range of rights† in education and employment (Low, 2010, p.67).The application of the best practices and frameworksof local integration of refugees to Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brazil has always been an attractive destination for refugees from other Latin American countries. Today immigration laws in Brazil include Law No. 6815 (1980) and Decree No. 86715 (1981), established by the National Immigration Council. According to Heidi Savabi (2014), â€Å"Brazil was the first country in the region to adopt the UNHCR Convention of 1951and the second country in South America to join the Protocol of 1967†(p. 1). In addition, Brazil is considered to be the first country in South America that was focused on regulation of refugee rights protection, based on the ratification of the United Nations’ major international mechanisms of protection. Although Brazil failed to sign the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, the Declaration’s expanded definition of   the term â€Å"refugee† was applied by the Government since 1989 (Savabi, 2014). Additionally, Brazil was the first country in Latin America to develop specific refugee laws. According to researchers, â€Å"Brazil has also been recognized as an emerging resettlement country since the start of the twenty-first century†(p. 1).Although Brazil has been dealing with the problems of refugees for a long time, there are still many gaps in the use of effective policies and frameworks. For example, in 2007, there were 1,750 Angolan refugees in Brazil. According to researchers, â€Å"Angolan refugees received modest assistance (a monthly stipend of less than $100), and congregated in poor neighborhoods in the city center or in favelas† (Davila, 2010, p. 245).   Although Brazil’s immigration policy is aimed at accepting refugees actively, the overall number of refugee population in the country is rather low, â€Å"more or less 4,000† as compared with the general population in Brazil, more than 191 million people (Moreno Colino, 2010, p. 81). This fact means that refugee policy is ineffective in Brazil and requires improvement (Moreno Colino, 2010).   In comparison with other countries accepting refugees, Brazil demonstrates smooth process of integration of refugees in the national territories and local communities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result, the best practices and frameworks of local integration of refugees in other Latin American countries should be taken into consideration by the Government of Brazil (See Table 1). According to researchers, in Brazil, â€Å"human rights and democracy had a profound impact on political structures†(McConnachie, 2014, p. 134). The application of the best practices and frameworks could help to promote the significance of human rights principles in social development of the coun try. In addition, it is known that since the 1950s, Brazil has been committed to International Refugee Law. Although Brazil was under a dictatorship for a greater part of this period, some improvements had been made regarding refugee rights. For example, refugees could use the assistance of UNHCR, although the implementation of refugee rights protection was precarious (Jubilut, 2006).   Undoubtedly, re-democratization process in Brazil has led to passing a specific law on refugees, but certain improvements are still necessary to address the needs of refugees. According to Maria Beatriz Nogueira and Carla Cristina Marques (2011), â€Å"Brazil has been strengthening its position as an emerging country of resettlement†(p. 57). Successfully integration of refugees requires addressing a wide range of issues, including employment issues, education and language skills issues and the issues which involve the ability to access public services, enjoy citizenship rights, participate i n political activity and develop social relations with the local community (Nogueira Marques, 2011; Scalettaris, 2007). The National Committee for Refugees (or CONARE) is responsible for analysis of various situations, which require the application of the National Refugee Act and the established frameworks (Jubilut, Oliveira Selmi Apolinrio, 2010).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the best practices and frameworks of local integration of refugees in many Latin American countries can be applied to Brazil in order to improve the process of integration, addressing the needs of refugee population. The ongoing plight of refugees in Brazil is an issue of concern for the Government. The number of refugees is growing. As a result, the Government should take into consideration the best practices and frameworks of local integration of refugees in other Latin American countries. As local integration of refugees is a complex economic , political, social and cultural process, special attention should be paid to legal, economic, social and cultural dimensions. In general, Brazil should use the existing tripartite structure, which involves the UNHCR, the Government of Brazil, and civil society practices combined with best practices and frameworks, developed by other countries, to succeed in providing integral protection to all refugees.

Geography of Jamaica

Geography of Jamaica Population: 2,847,232 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: KingstonArea: 4,243 square miles (10,991 sq km)Coastline: 635 miles (1,022 km)Highest Point: Blue Mountain Peak at 7,401 feet (2,256 m)Jamaica is an island nation in the West Indies located in the Caribbean Sea. It is south of Cuba and for comparison, it is just under the size of the United States state of Connecticut. Jamaica is 145 miles (234 km) in length and 50 miles (80 km) in width at its widest point. Today, the country is a popular tourist destination and it has a native population of 2.8 million people. History of Jamaica The first inhabitants of Jamaica were the Arawaks from South America. In 1494, Christopher Columbus was the first European to reach and explore the island. Beginning in 1510, Spain began to inhabit the area and by that time, the Arawaks began to die off due to disease and war that came with the European settlers.In 1655, the British arrived in Jamaica and took the island from Spain. Shortly thereafter in 1670, Britain took full formal control of Jamaica.Throughout most of its history, Jamaica was known for its sugar production. In the late 1930s, Jamaica began to gain its independence from Britain and it had its first local elections in 1944. In 1962, Jamaica gained full independence but still remains a member of the British Commonwealth.Following its independence, Jamaicas economy began to grow but in the 1980s, it was hit by a severe recession. Shortly thereafter, however, its economy began to grow and tourism became a popular industry. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, drug traff icking, and the related violence became a problem in Jamaica. Today, Jamaicas economy is still based largely on tourism and the related service sector and it has recently held various free democratic elections. For example, in 2006 Jamaica elected its first female Prime Minister, Portia Simpson Miller.​ Government of Jamaica Jamaicas government is considered a constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm. It has an executive branch with Queen Elizabeth II as chief of state and a local position of head of state. Jamaica also has a legislative branch with a bicameral Parliament consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. Jamaicas judicial branch is made up of a Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Privy Council in the U.K. and the Caribbean Court of Justice.Jamaica is divided  in 14 parishes for local administration. Economy and Land Use in Jamaica Since tourism is a large part of Jamaicas economy, services and the related industries represent a significant portion of the countrys overall economy. Tourism revenues alone account for 20% of Jamaicas gross domestic product. Other industries in Jamaica include bauxite/alumina, agricultural processing, light manufacturing, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products and telecommunications. Agriculture is also a big part of Jamaicas economy and its biggest products are sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, ackees, vegetables, poultry, goats, milk, crustaceans, and mollusks. Unemployment is high in Jamaica and as a result, the country has high crime rates and violence related to drug trafficking. Geography of Jamaica Jamaica has a varied topography with rugged mountains, some of which are volcanic, and narrow valleys and a coastal plain. It is located 90 miles (145 km) south of Cuba and 100 miles (161 km) west of Haiti.The climate of Jamaica is tropical and hot and humid on its coast and temperate inland. Kingston, Jamaicas capital has an average July high temperature of 90 °F (32 °C) and a January average low of 66 °F (19 °C). Sources Central Intelligence Agency.  CIA - The World Factbook - Jamaica.  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html Infoplease. (n.d.).  Jamaica: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107662.html United States Department of State. (29 December 2009).  Jamaica.  state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2032.htm

Research task case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research task - Case Study Example This also affects the people around them especially children who sometimes, end up being psychologically tortured. Critically thinking, the UAE is not the solution to these maids’ financial problems as it only inflicts pain on them Foreign maids from impoverished countries account for about 23% of the United Arabs Emirates population, all of them desperate to at least to make a better living. The fact that the UAE is a country with adverse resources due to their huge oil reservoirs plays a major part in attracting these foreign maids (Mallinder, n.d). Some of these maids leave their native countries having in mind that they will help their families back home fight poverty. However, on reaching the UAE, their expectations end up being flushed in the drains as working conditions end up being so terrible. It is quite evident from the above information that foreign maids operate under very poor working conditions in the UAE. Foreign maids face a number of problems that psychologically affect them (Sabban, 2012). The major problem is torture and harassment, leading to physical pain and even deformities. The second problem emanates from the long hours of work with poor pay and lack of better food. Some of these female maids get sexually abused by their employers in front of the children, affecting these children psychologically and even leading to some of these maids committing suicide. Some maids end up committing crimes like beating up and even burning the employers’ children or worse of killing the employer. As a matter of fact, most of these foreign maids come from unprivileged backgrounds and hence need more psychological help and support than psychiatric evaluation before employment to adjust to cases of unsympathetic employers (Beasley and Thomas, 1992). Moreover, it reduces cases of crimes committed by the maids by a wider margin. Moreover, the Human Rights Watch, has called on the UAE

E1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E1 - Essay Example The paper elaborates the relationship between the financial development and the economic growth in China with the help of researches that are carried out by many proficient researchers (Zhang, Lanfang and Susheng, 2012). Allen (2005 cited in Zhang, Lanfang and Susheng, 2012), an eminent researchers has commented that China has been an important example of flourishing economy who have experienced the fastest growth in finance in more than 30 years. But it should be noted that the financial sector is governed by the state and is underdeveloped even today. The relationship between financial development and economic growth is generally negative. With the help of the provincial data between the period of 1990 to 1999 Boyreau-Debray (2003 cited in Ljungwal and Li, 2007) indentified that financial intermediation has affected the local economic growth negatively. Hasan, Wachtel and Zhou (2009 cited in Ljungwal and Li, 2007) with the help of provincial data for the period 1986 to 2002 has als o pointed out the fact that finance sector has negatively affected the economic growth of the country. But Chen (2006 cited in Ljungwal and Li, 2007) has argued the fact. By using the provincial data for the period of 1985 to 1999 had showed that financial development of China has contributed positively to the growth of the economy (Choong and Chan, 2011). He also examined the two channels, which contributed to the economy to be â€Å"the substitution of loans for budget appropriation mobilization of savings† (Zhang cited in Lanfang and Susheng, 2012). With the help of the provincial data of 1995to 2003, Cheng and Degryse (2007 cited in Zhang, Lanfang and Susheng, 2012) has examined the effect of expansion of the non-bank financial institutions and the banks on the local economic growth. He indentified that the development of the banks has positively affected the economic growth of China. Guariglia and Poncet (2008 cited in Zhang, Lanfang and Susheng, 2012) have used the data of period 1989 to 2003 and has identified two indicators for examining the relationship between economic growth and financial development in China. They concluded that the indicators for measuring the state intervention in financial development are negatively correlated with the economic growth of China. The indicators of market driven financing is positively correlated with the growth of the economy. Finally, Ayyagari, Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic (2008 cited in Zhang, Lanfang and Susheng, 2012) took the help of firm related data for examining relationship between growth of the firm and financing pattern of the firm, which can be informal versus formal finance. They explained that the formal financial system has encouraged the growth of the firms. Park and Sehrt (2001 cited in Zhang, Lanfang and Susheng, 2012) have identified that lending policy by the state banks have not fallen during 1991 to 1997 (Ljungwal and Li, 2007). Thus, it can be said that the financial development in Ch ina has created both positive and negative impact on the economic growth of China. 2. China’s financial development and economic growth China has experienced rapid growth in the economy after the reform in 1978. It has second largest economy in the world after United States and it can become the largest economy in the world in the coming 10 years on the basis of the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) (Allen, J. Qian and M. Qian, 2005). China has always played a significant role in the development o

Industrial Pollution And Environmental Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

Industrial Pollution And Environmental Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay Industrial pollution is one of the main causes of pollution worldwide. Apart from health hazards, water pollution due to discharge of contaminated water and global warming are some of the harmful effects of industrial pollution. Industry accounts for more than half the volume of all water pollution and for the most deadly pollutants. Some 370,000 manufacturing facilities in the United States of America alone use huge quantities of freshwater to carry away wastes of many kinds. The waste-bearing water, or effluent, is discharged into streams, lakes, or oceans, which in turn disperse the polluting substances. In its  National Water Quality Inventory,  reported to Congress in 1996, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded that approximately 40% of the nations surveyed lakes, rivers, and estuaries were too polluted for such basic uses as drinking supply, fishing, and swimming. The pollutants include grit,  asbestos, phosphates  and  nitrates,  mercury,  lead, caus tic soda and other sodium compounds,  sulfur  and  sulfuric acid, oils and  petrochemicals.(Sell, 1992) In addition, numerous manufacturing plants pour off undiluted corrosives, poisons, and other noxious byproducts. The construction industry discharges slurries of gypsum, cement, abrasives, metals, and poisonous solvents. Another pervasive group of contaminants entering food chains is the  polychlorinated biphenyl  (PCB) compounds, components of lubricants, plastic wrappers, and adhesives. In yet another instance of pollution, hot water discharged by factories and power plants cause thermal pollution by increasing water temperatures. This increase changes the level of oxygen dissolved in a body of water, thereby disrupting the waters ecological balance, killing off some plant and animal species while encouraging the overgrowth of others. Global warming is one of the most common and serious consequences of industrial pollution. The emission of various  greenhouse  gases such as CO2, methane (CH4), among others from various industries, increases the overall temperature of the earth, resulting in global warming. Global warming has various serious hazards, both on the environment as well as on human health. It results in melting of glaciers and snow-capped mountains, causing an increase of the water levels in seas and rivers, thereby increasing the chances of flood. Apart from this, global warming also has numerous health risks on humans, such as increase of diseases such as malaria and dengue, cholera, Lyme disease and plague, among others.(Freeman, 1995) Industrial pollution, as stated above, is one of the major causes of air pollution. With the increase in the number of industries and factories due to the industrial revolution; air pollution also has increased significantly. The emissions from various industries contain large amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur and nitrogen, among others. These gases, when present in elevated levels in the atmosphere, often result in various environmental and health hazards such as acid rain, and various skin disorders in individuals.(Freeman, 1995) Pollution emitted from the industries is also one of the major factors contributing towards water pollution. Dumping of various industrial waste products into water sources, and improper contamination of industrial wastes, often result in polluting the water. Such water pollution disturbs the balance of the ecosystem inside, resulting in the death of various animal and plant species present in the water.(Freeman, 1995) Soil pollution is defined as a phenomenon is which the soil loses its structure and fertility due to various natural and artificial reasons. Dumping of industrial wastes is one of the prime factors contributing towards soil pollution. Industrial wastes contain large amounts of various chemicals which get accumulated on the top layer of the soil, resulting in loss of fertility of the soil. Such loss of fertility ultimately results in changes in the ecological balances of the environment due to reduction in plant growth.(Freeman, 1995) Other Common Effects Certain other common effects of industrial pollution include damaging  building sand structures, increasing the risk of various occupational hazards such as asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, among others.(Freeman, 1995) Pollution of Love Canal The infamous case of the pollution of Love Canal, on Lake Erie in New York, brought environmental pollution to the public attention in the 1970s. From 1942 to 1953, several chemical companies dumped 20,000 metric tons of chemical waste at this site. In 1953 the land was sold to the local board of education, and the 99th Street School was constructed on the land. The school attracted families to the neighborhood, which grew to contain 800 single-family homes and 240 apartment units by 1978. Unfortunately, eighty different chemicals, including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), started to leach through the soil, and residents began complaining of odd smells in their houses and experiencing many unexplainable health problems. The school was closed in August 1978, and the federal government contributed $10 million for the relocation of 200 families nearest the site. In 1980 President Carter sent additional funds, for the relocation of 700 more families.(Shen, 1999) Conclusion: Strict Legislation is required to control Industrial Pollution. In England and Wales, pollution from industrial installations has been controlled to some extent for over 150 years. The Pollution Prevention and Control (England and Wales) Regulations 2000 (the PPC Regulations) were introduced under the Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 and built on existing systems. The PPC Regulations replaced the pollution control regimes called Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) and Local Air Pollution Control which had been set up under Part I of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (EPA 1990). The PPC Regulations also transposed the Integrated Pollution and Prevention and Control Directive (now Directive 2008/1/EC) the IPPC Directive. The primary aim of the IPPC Directive is to ensure a high level of environmental protection and to prevent and where that is not practicable, to reduce emissions to acceptable levels. Separate legislative provisions are in place to transpose the IPPC Direc tive in Scotland, Northern Ireland and the offshore oil and gas industries. In America, federal laws stipulate that generators of hazardous waste are responsible for the proper storage and disposal chemicals from the cradle to the grave.(Department of Environment, 2009) Using environmentally-friendly products like Oil Gone Easy S-200 and supporting environmental conservation organizations are some steps that can be taken to curb industrial pollution.

For this article, answer the questions below Essay

†¢ Summarize the concept of ecological (demographic) risk as this pertains to families. The researchers saw demographic risk in families where the parents were young, had low incomes, low education, and several children. Families were given scores from 0 – 3 in each of these areas, for a total of 20 points possible. The higher the score, the higher risk the families had of dysfunction. For age, over 24 was â€Å"0,† and below that, every 2 years was a subsequent number (22 – 23 = 1, 20 – 21 = 2, under 20 = 3). Similar scores were applied to income (over $40K is 0), education (bachelor’s degree or more is 0) and number of children (1 or 2 is 0). †¢ How did Kochanska et al. (2007) assess demographic risk? Outline which measures were used and why? Researchers looked at a number of parental characteristic, including socialization, neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness. These criteria were assessed with a self-assessment tool in the parents’ home. It has been shown in other research that high neuroticism is associated with depression and a lack of coping methods, which leads to a negative home environment for children. Researchers theorized that this trait would create more risk within the home. Socialization was the most difficult to measure, as it was actually a measure of several different traits, like outgoingness, happiness, etc. However, parents who scored high in this area reported children who were more securely attached and better behaved, and the researchers’ observations confirmed this. Parents who were more extraverted were generally happier. Conscientiousness related strongly to positive outcomes with children. All of these criteria help to show parents who are more likely to have successful or happy children, although researchers note that some parents who do not exhibit the positive traits also have happy and successful children. †¢ Which are the most significant factors influencing parent-child relations for A) Mothers †¢ Extraversion was a major factor for mothers. Mothers who were not very extraverted tended to discipline their children in a power-struggle way, and this did not accomplish the goal easily. Mothers who were extraverted did not have this problem. B) Fathers †¢ Neuroticism was a major factor for fathers, because fathers scoring high in this area tended to enforce heavy and forceful discipline styles, possibly leading to a disconnect with children. Fathers who scored lower in this area did not have this problem. Discipline styles relate heavily to the way parents and children get along, because correction is a major part of parenting, and parents who cannot effectively correct their children without power struggles or forced-obedience do not have children who are as securely attached. These children may also not learn to monitor themselves.

Effects of Chemicals on the Environment Essay - 1214 Words

The effects from chemicals , detergents and soaps have been linked to breast cancer. The chemicals used in everyday cleaning products have been linked to breast cancer, fertility problems, hormone disruption, asthma and other serious health problems. Many of these products are made with dangerous chemicals that have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system, also known as the hormone system. This system is responsible for the brain, development of the nervous system, reproduction, metabolism, and blood sugar. The problem arises with chemicals called endocrine disruptors. (Moran, 2009).They mimic hormones, attach to receptors and cause cell division as well as alter gene expression and other harmful changes.†¦show more content†¦He believes less than half of new breast cancer cases can be related to lifestyle factors which includes drinking alcohol, being overweight and taking hormones, or family history of breast cancer.(Hall,2006) During a recent study condu cted by the University of Washington some of the top selling laundry products have tested to have at least one toxic chemical regulated under federal laws and guidelines. However, out of the products used in this study there were about 100 volatile organic compounds emitted from these and none were listed on the labels. Also most of the products gave out at least one or more carcinogenic hazardous air pollutant which is considered to have no safe exposure level according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (ScienceDaily, 2008) These are everyday products we use in our homes to make them smell fresh and what we use to clean our clothes. But the names of these products were not disclosed, because manufacturers are not required to disclose the ingredients. The products included three common air fresheners ( a solid deodorizer disk, a liquid spray, and a plug-in oil) three laundry products( a dryer sheet, fabric softener and a detergent, all of which were selected from t op sellers on the market.(ScienceDaily,2008)Fragrances can be deceiving, just because they smell good doesn’t mean they are good. In the laboratory each product was isolated and analyzed for volatile organic compounds, small molecules that evaporateShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Chemicals On The Environment1858 Words   |  8 Pagesand technology, new methods of farming and the use of chemicals like DDT and aerosols among others was introduced. 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Are We Taking It Too Far by Blaming Fast Food Restaurant...

Are we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurant for obesity? Although throughout the years many people have claimed that obesity is a genetic disorder for the most part; results of recent studies strongly indicate that lifestyles rather than genetics are what are causing an obese society, because people choose to not exercise, not watch their diet, and eat fast food. For the past few decades, food companies had aimed their marketing at single meals, pushing to inflate portion sizes. That initiative was wildly successful. As the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently reported, the average restaurant meal in the United States is now an unfathomable four times larger than it was in 1950(Health). That has translated†¦show more content†¦Today s stressful lifestyles compound the effects of environmental factors by impairing weight loss efforts and by promoting fat storage. Combating the obesity epidemic demands environmental and social policy changes, particularly in the areas of portion size, availability of healthful foods, and promotion of physical activity. Food choices are often made without thinking. The fact of the matter is that many Americans do not have time to sit down and have a home cooked meal. This is unfortunate, because our society is always on the run. Many turn to fast food as a quick and easy option. What they fail to realize is that the choices they make are more harming then effective. Bibliography Dhar Tirtha, amd Kathy Baylis. fast food consumption and the ban on advertising targeting children. The Quebec experience (2011): 799-813. This article talk about amid growing concerns about childhood obesity and the associated health risks, several countries are considering banning fast food advertising targeting children. In this article, the authors study the effect of such a ban in the Canadian province of Quebec. 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